diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-docker-image.yml b/.github/workflows/build-docker-image.yml
index aafc4ff2..3b0fb1ba 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-docker-image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-docker-image.yml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ on:
       - "cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs"
       - "cli/src/internal/maintenance/upgradePrestart.cjs"
       - "cli/src/internal/maintenance/panelUpgrade.cjs"
+      - "cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs"
       - "!.github/workflows/cli-package.yml"
     branches:
       - "master"
@@ -19,10 +20,6 @@ on:
       - "v*"
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
-      build_development_bundles:
-        description: Develop only - build and publish shared develop/debian-dev upgrade packages
-        type: boolean
-        default: false
       static_sync_only:
         description: Synchronize an existing static snapshot to GitLab and verify Gitee
         type: boolean
@@ -42,10 +39,10 @@ permissions:
 
 # Keep master image tags and their bundle indexes in one serialized release.
 # A rerun may intentionally replace a version, including from the same commit.
-# Manual development bundle releases are serialized independently of master.
-# Ordinary develop pushes and Git-tag builds remain independent.
+# Develop image builds and their shared bundle index serialize separately.
+# Git-tag builds and static synchronization remain independent.
 concurrency:
-  group: version-images-${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && 'master' || (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && inputs.build_development_bundles && 'develop-bundles') || format('{0}-{1}', github.run_id, github.run_attempt) }}
+  group: version-images-${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && 'master' || (github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && !inputs.static_sync_only && 'develop') || format('{0}-{1}', github.run_id, github.run_attempt) }}
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
 jobs:
@@ -116,14 +113,19 @@ jobs:
           GITHUB_REPO: github.com/${{ github.repository_owner }}/qinglong-static
           GITHUB_BRANCH: ${{ github.ref_name }}
           GITHUB_REF_TYPE: ${{ github.ref_type }}
+          STATIC_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          bash scripts/publish-static.sh "https://${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}@${GITHUB_REPO}.git" "$GITHUB_BRANCH" "$GITHUB_REF_TYPE"
+          : "${STATIC_TOKEN:?Missing static repository token}"
+          bash scripts/publish-static.sh "https://x-access-token:${STATIC_TOKEN}@${GITHUB_REPO}.git" "$GITHUB_BRANCH" "$GITHUB_REF_TYPE"
 
       - name: publish verified upgrade download sizes
         env:
           GITHUB_REPO: github.com/${{ github.repository_owner }}/qinglong-static
           GITHUB_BRANCH: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-        run: node scripts/publish-upgrade-info.cjs "https://${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}@${GITHUB_REPO}.git" "$GITHUB_BRANCH" "$GITHUB_SHA"
+          STATIC_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          : "${STATIC_TOKEN:?Missing static repository token}"
+          node scripts/publish-upgrade-info.cjs "https://x-access-token:${STATIC_TOKEN}@${GITHUB_REPO}.git" "$GITHUB_BRANCH" "$GITHUB_SHA"
 
   static_gitlab:
     needs: build-static
@@ -657,8 +659,8 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
   build-upgrade-bundles:
-    # Development packages are opt-in; both channels use this run's image digests.
-    if: ${{ !inputs.static_sync_only && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && inputs.build_development_bundles)) }}
+    # Both channels publish packages from this run's immutable image digests.
+    if: ${{ !inputs.static_sync_only && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') }}
     needs: [build-alpine, build-debian]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     timeout-minutes: 90
@@ -677,7 +679,6 @@ jobs:
           - { platform: linux/s390x, libc: musl, name: s390x-musl }
           - { platform: linux/386, libc: musl, name: ia32-musl }
           - { platform: linux/amd64, libc: glibc, name: x64-glibc }
-          - { platform: linux/arm/v6, libc: glibc, name: armv6-glibc }
           - { platform: linux/arm/v7, libc: glibc, name: armv7-glibc }
           - { platform: linux/arm64, libc: glibc, name: arm64-glibc }
           - { platform: linux/ppc64le, libc: glibc, name: ppc64-glibc }
@@ -692,7 +693,6 @@ jobs:
         env:
           ALPINE_DIGEST: ${{ needs.build-alpine.outputs.image-digest }}
           DEBIAN_DIGEST: ${{ needs.build-debian.outputs.image-digest }}
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
           BUNDLE_LIBC: ${{ matrix.libc }}
           BUNDLE_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform }}
         run: |
@@ -701,18 +701,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ "$BUNDLE_LIBC" = glibc ]; then digest="$DEBIAN_DIGEST"; fi
           test -n "$digest"
           image="ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}@${digest}"
-          if [ "$BUNDLE_PLATFORM/$BUNDLE_LIBC" = linux/arm/v6/glibc ]; then
-            # This amd64 helper executes a genuine Raspbian ARMv6 userspace under
-            # ARM1176 QEMU. It is a CI validator, not a user runtime or bundle.
-            echo "$GH_TOKEN" | docker login ghcr.io -u "$GITHUB_ACTOR" --password-stdin
-            validator="ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}:upgrade-armv6-glibc-validator-${GITHUB_SHA}"
-            mkdir -p output/validator
-            docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64 --build-arg "SOURCE_IMAGE=$image" --file docker/Dockerfile.armv6-glibc --target runtime --tag "$validator" --push --metadata-file output/validator/image.json .
-            validator_digest="$(jq -er '."containerimage.digest"' output/validator/image.json)"
-            docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64 --build-arg "BASE_IMAGE=${validator%:*}@${validator_digest}" --file docker/Dockerfile.upgrade-bundle-armv6-glibc --output type=local,dest=output/upgrade .
-          else
-            docker buildx build --platform "$BUNDLE_PLATFORM" --build-arg "BASE_IMAGE=$image" --file docker/Dockerfile.upgrade-bundle --output type=local,dest=output/upgrade .
-          fi
+          docker buildx build --platform "$BUNDLE_PLATFORM" --build-arg "BASE_IMAGE=$image" --file docker/Dockerfile.upgrade-bundle --output type=local,dest=output/upgrade .
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: upgrade-${{ matrix.name }}-${{ github.sha }}
@@ -720,7 +709,7 @@ jobs:
           if-no-files-found: error
 
   publish-upgrade-bundles:
-    if: ${{ !inputs.static_sync_only && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' && inputs.build_development_bundles)) }}
+    if: ${{ !inputs.static_sync_only && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') }}
     needs: build-upgrade-bundles
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
@@ -747,5 +736,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: Publish complete packages before advancing the channel
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-          QL_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT_BUNDLES: ${{ inputs.build_development_bundles }}
         run: node scripts/publish-upgrade-bundles.cjs output/upgrade "$GITHUB_SHA" "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" "$GITHUB_REF_NAME"
diff --git a/back/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.ts b/back/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.ts
index 87f93782..bc546cc2 100644
--- a/back/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.ts
+++ b/back/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,25 @@ import 'reflect-metadata';
 import dns from 'dns';
 import http from 'http';
 
+// The first scheduler connection can outlive its short RPC deadline. Let the
+// normal single-flight recovery finish within the supervised startup budget.
+async function waitForUpgradeScheduler(
+  readiness: { recover(): Promise<boolean> },
+  timeoutMs: number,
+  retryMs = 250,
+) {
+  const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+  do {
+    if (await readiness.recover()) return;
+    const remaining = deadline - Date.now();
+    if (remaining <= 0) break;
+    await new Promise((resolve) =>
+      setTimeout(resolve, Math.min(retryMs, remaining)),
+    );
+  } while (Date.now() < deadline);
+  throw new Error('Upgrade scheduler readiness failed');
+}
+
 async function probeUpgrade() {
   if (!process.send || process.env.QL_UPGRADE_PROBE !== '1')
     throw new Error('Upgrade probe requires its isolated supervisor');
@@ -41,8 +60,16 @@ async function probeUpgrade() {
     config.grpcPort = await grpc.initialize();
     const { default: cronClient } = await import('../schedule/client');
     cronClient.readiness.configure(async () => {});
-    if (!(await cronClient.readiness.recover()))
-      throw new Error('Upgrade scheduler readiness failed');
+    await waitForUpgradeScheduler(
+      cronClient.readiness,
+      process.arch === 'arm' &&
+        Number(
+          (process.config.variables as { arm_version?: string | number })
+            .arm_version,
+        ) === 6
+        ? 60000
+        : 10000,
+    );
     const app = await createHttpApplication();
     loadExpress({ app });
     const listener = await server.initialize(app, 0);
diff --git a/cli/scripts/build.cjs b/cli/scripts/build.cjs
index 0226946f..d1a7fb0e 100644
--- a/cli/scripts/build.cjs
+++ b/cli/scripts/build.cjs
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ fs.copyFileSync(
   path.join(root, 'src/internal/maintenance/panelUpgrade.cjs'),
   path.join(root, 'dist/internal/maintenance/panelUpgrade.cjs'),
 );
+fs.copyFileSync(
+  path.join(root, 'src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs'),
+  path.join(root, 'dist/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs'),
+);
 // The operational CLI may live outside the panel and has no panel node_modules.
 require('esbuild').buildSync({
   entryPoints: [path.join(root, 'src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs')],
diff --git a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c73d22cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Node 24's ARMv6 JS compiler tiers can trap on ARM1176. Keep WebAssembly
+// enabled for fetch/undici; --jitless disables their HTTP parser as well.
+const armv6ServerArgs = Object.freeze([
+  '--no-opt',
+  '--no-sparkplug',
+  '--no-maglev',
+]);
+function serverRuntimeArgs(runtime = process) {
+  return runtime.arch === 'arm' &&
+    Number(runtime.config.variables.arm_version) === 6 &&
+    Number(runtime.versions.node.split('.')[0]) >= 24
+    ? [...armv6ServerArgs]
+    : [];
+}
+
+module.exports = { serverRuntimeArgs, armv6ServerArgs };
+if (require.main === module)
+  process.stdout.write(serverRuntimeArgs().join(' '));
diff --git a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/operator.ts b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/operator.ts
index be33e645..895638e4 100644
--- a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/operator.ts
+++ b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/operator.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import type { LocalContext } from '../runtime/context';
 import { atomicWrite } from '../runtime/files';
 import { runProcess, checkedProcess } from '../runtime/process';
 import { findDirectBackendPids } from '../runtime/backendProcesses';
+const { serverRuntimeArgs, armv6ServerArgs } = require('./nodeRuntime.cjs') as {
+  serverRuntimeArgs(): string[];
+  armv6ServerArgs: readonly string[];
+};
 
 export async function repairConfiguration(
   context: LocalContext,
@@ -117,7 +121,11 @@ async function stopDirectBackend(context: LocalContext): Promise<void> {
   for (const line of result.stdout.split('\n')) {
     const match = line.trim().match(/^(\d+)\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/);
     if (!match || !/^node(?:\d+)?$/.test(path.basename(match[2]!))) continue;
-    if (match[3] !== entry) continue;
+    if (
+      match[3] !== entry &&
+      match[3] !== `${armv6ServerArgs.join(' ')} ${entry}`
+    )
+      continue;
     const pid = Number(match[1]);
     if (pid === process.pid) continue;
     try {
@@ -179,7 +187,7 @@ export async function startPanel(
     0o600,
   );
   try {
-    const child = spawn(process.execPath, [entry], {
+    const child = spawn(process.execPath, [...serverRuntimeArgs(), entry], {
       ...options,
       detached: true,
       stdio: ['ignore', log.fd, log.fd],
diff --git a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs
index 4315ca34..be31be85 100644
--- a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs
+++ b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ const os = require('node:os');
 const { execFile } = require('node:child_process');
 const { promisify } = require('node:util');
 const tar = require('tar');
+const { serverRuntimeArgs } = require('./nodeRuntime.cjs');
 const {
   prestartBackend,
   dependencyFailure,
@@ -211,10 +212,12 @@ async function smokeDependencies(source, signal) {
   `;
   // Match the server's normal runtime. Node 20.18's built-in HTTP parser needs
   // WebAssembly, which --jitless disables; only archive workers need that flag.
-  await execute(process.execPath, ['-e', probe], {
+  await execute(process.execPath, [...serverRuntimeArgs(process), '-e', probe], {
     cwd: source,
     env: { ...process.env, NODE_PATH: '', NODE_OPTIONS: '' },
-    timeout: 30000,
+    // ARM1176 devices need the same startup allowance as the backend probe.
+    // Keep this bounded and cancellable without forcing an unnecessary repair.
+    timeout: nodeRuntimeArgs().length ? 300000 : 30000,
     signal,
   });
 }
diff --git a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/upgradePrestart.cjs b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/upgradePrestart.cjs
index 6a26efbe..e73f5880 100644
--- a/cli/src/internal/maintenance/upgradePrestart.cjs
+++ b/cli/src/internal/maintenance/upgradePrestart.cjs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const path = require('node:path');
 const { spawn } = require('node:child_process');
 const crypto = require('node:crypto');
 const os = require('node:os');
+const { serverRuntimeArgs } = require('./nodeRuntime.cjs');
 
 function probeLimits(target) {
   const small = target.arch === 'armv6';
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ async function prestartBackend(
       // one backend process. Keep normal V8 mode for Node 20's HTTP/WASM support.
       const child = spawn(
         process.execPath,
-        [`--max-old-space-size=${limits.heapMb}`, entry],
+        [...serverRuntimeArgs(), `--max-old-space-size=${limits.heapMb}`, entry],
         {
           cwd: workspace,
           env,
diff --git a/cli/src/internal/runtime/backendProcesses.ts b/cli/src/internal/runtime/backendProcesses.ts
index 1d554d96..accf668f 100644
--- a/cli/src/internal/runtime/backendProcesses.ts
+++ b/cli/src/internal/runtime/backendProcesses.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 import path from 'node:path';
+const { armv6ServerArgs } = require('../maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs') as {
+  armv6ServerArgs: readonly string[];
+};
 
 // Linux preserves argv boundaries in cmdline. Resolve relative entrypoints from
 // each process's cwd, not from the operator's cwd or a broad ps substring match.
@@ -27,11 +30,18 @@ export async function findDirectBackendPids(
       );
       const args = command.split('\0');
       if (args.at(-1) === '') args.pop();
-      // Both the legacy fallback and the TS fallback launch one script without
-      // Node flags or application arguments. Reject other command shapes.
-      if (args.length !== 2 || !/^node(?:\d+)?$/.test(path.basename(args[0]!)))
+      // Accept only the two launch shapes we own. Never treat eval, preload or
+      // application arguments containing this path as a running backend.
+      const scriptIndex =
+        args.length === 2
+          ? 1
+          : args.length === armv6ServerArgs.length + 2 &&
+            armv6ServerArgs.every((flag, i) => args[i + 1] === flag)
+          ? args.length - 1
+          : -1;
+      if (scriptIndex < 0 || !/^node(?:\d+)?$/.test(path.basename(args[0]!)))
         continue;
-      const script = args[1]!;
+      const script = args[scriptIndex]!;
       if (!script) continue;
       const absolute = path.isAbsolute(script)
         ? script
diff --git a/cli/test/internal/armv6-startup.test.cjs b/cli/test/internal/armv6-startup.test.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09e88bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/test/internal/armv6-startup.test.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+const test = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const fs = require('node:fs/promises');
+const path = require('node:path');
+const os = require('node:os');
+const vm = require('node:vm');
+const { createRequire } = require('node:module');
+const { createContext } = require('../../dist/internal/runtime/context');
+const { replaceAndReload } = require('../../dist/internal/maintenance/upgrade');
+const runtime = require('../../dist/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs');
+
+// Change only runtime selection; execute the compiled operator, actual child
+// Node and process discovery, without pretending the host CPU is ARM.
+async function operatorFor(arch, armVersion, node) {
+  const filename = require.resolve('../../dist/internal/maintenance/operator');
+  const localRequire = createRequire(filename);
+  const module = { exports: {} };
+  const flags = runtime.serverRuntimeArgs({
+    arch,
+    config: { variables: { arm_version: armVersion } },
+    versions: { node },
+  });
+  vm.runInNewContext(
+    await fs.readFile(filename, 'utf8'),
+    {
+      module,
+      exports: module.exports,
+      process,
+      setTimeout,
+      clearTimeout,
+      require(name) {
+        return name === './nodeRuntime.cjs'
+          ? { ...runtime, serverRuntimeArgs: () => [...flags] }
+          : localRequire(name);
+      },
+    },
+    { filename },
+  );
+  return { ...module.exports, flags };
+}
+
+for (const [arch, arm, node] of [
+  ['arm', 6, '24.18.1'],
+  ['arm', 6, '20.18.1'],
+  ['arm', 6, '22.20.0'],
+  ['arm', 7, '24.18.1'],
+  ['arm64', undefined, '24.18.1'],
+  ['x64', undefined, '24.18.1'],
+])
+  test(`CLI direct startup and stop use compatible arguments: ${arch}/${arm}/${node}`, async (t) => {
+    const operator = await operatorFor(arch, arm, node);
+    const root = await fs.realpath(
+      await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ql-runtime-start-')),
+    );
+    const context = createContext(
+      { root },
+      { PATH: process.platform === 'linux' ? '' : '/usr/bin:/bin', QL_LANG: 'en' },
+    );
+    const entry = path.join(context.paths.dir_static, 'build/app.js');
+    let pid;
+    t.after(async () => {
+      if (pid) {
+        try {
+          process.kill(pid, 'SIGKILL');
+        } catch {}
+      }
+      await fs.rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(entry), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.writeFile(
+      entry,
+      `require('fs').writeFileSync(${JSON.stringify(
+        path.join(root, 'runtime.json'),
+      )}, JSON.stringify({args:process.execArgv,pid:process.pid}));setInterval(()=>{},1000);`,
+    );
+    const started = await operator.startPanel(context);
+    pid = started.pid;
+    const report = JSON.parse(
+      await fs.readFile(path.join(root, 'runtime.json')),
+    );
+    assert.equal(started.manager, 'node');
+    assert.deepEqual(report.args, operator.flags);
+    assert.equal(report.pid, pid);
+    await operator.stopPanel(context);
+    for (let n = 0; n < 100; n++) {
+      try {
+        process.kill(pid, 0);
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (e.code === 'ESRCH') {
+          pid = undefined;
+          break;
+        }
+        throw e;
+      }
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+    }
+    assert.equal(
+      pid,
+      undefined,
+      'the exact backend must stop even with Node flags',
+    );
+  });
+
+test(
+  'ARMv6 CLI replacement stops flagged new backend before restoring old backend and data',
+  {
+    skip: process.platform !== 'linux',
+    timeout: 20000,
+  },
+  async (t) => {
+    const operator = await operatorFor('arm', 6, '24.18.1');
+    const root = await fs.realpath(
+      await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ql-arm-rollback-')),
+    );
+    const context = createContext({ root }, { PATH: '', QL_LANG: 'en' });
+    const entry = path.join(context.paths.dir_static, 'build/app.js');
+    const incoming = path.join(root, 'incoming.js'),
+      journal = path.join(root, 'journal.jsonl');
+    const record = (version) =>
+      `const fs=require('fs');fs.appendFileSync(${JSON.stringify(
+        journal,
+      )},JSON.stringify({version:${JSON.stringify(
+        version,
+      )},pid:process.pid,args:process.execArgv})+'\\n');setInterval(()=>{},1000);`;
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(entry), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.mkdir(context.data, { recursive: true });
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(root, '.env'), 'KEEP=custom\n', {
+      mode: 0o600,
+    });
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(context.data, 'keep'), 'old data');
+    await fs.writeFile(entry, record('old'));
+    await fs.writeFile(incoming, record('new'));
+    const pids = [];
+    t.after(async () => {
+      for (const pid of pids) {
+        try {
+          process.kill(pid, 'SIGKILL');
+        } catch {}
+      }
+      await fs.rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+    pids.push((await operator.startPanel(context)).pid);
+    await assert.rejects(
+      replaceAndReload(context, [{ source: incoming, target: entry }], {
+        stop: (ctx) => operator.stopPanel(ctx),
+        start: async (ctx, recover) => {
+          const result = await operator.startPanel(ctx);
+          pids.push(result.pid);
+          if (!recover) throw new Error('injected new-version health failure');
+        },
+      }),
+      /injected new-version health failure/,
+    );
+    const launches = (await fs.readFile(journal, 'utf8'))
+      .trim()
+      .split('\n')
+      .map(JSON.parse);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      launches.map((x) => x.version),
+      ['old', 'new', 'old'],
+    );
+    for (const row of launches) assert.deepEqual(row.args, operator.flags);
+    for (const row of launches.slice(0, -1))
+      assert.throws(() => process.kill(row.pid, 0), { code: 'ESRCH' });
+    process.kill(launches.at(-1).pid, 0);
+    assert.equal(
+      await fs.readFile(path.join(root, '.env'), 'utf8'),
+      'KEEP=custom\n',
+    );
+    assert.equal((await fs.stat(path.join(root, '.env'))).mode & 0o777, 0o600);
+    assert.equal(
+      await fs.readFile(path.join(context.data, 'keep'), 'utf8'),
+      'old data',
+    );
+    assert.equal(await fs.readFile(entry, 'utf8'), record('old'));
+    assert.ok(
+      !(await fs.readdir(path.dirname(entry))).some((x) =>
+        x.includes('ql-backup'),
+      ),
+    );
+    await operator.stopPanel(context);
+  },
+);
diff --git a/cli/test/internal/backendProcesses.test.cjs b/cli/test/internal/backendProcesses.test.cjs
index d34169d8..df1d6107 100644
--- a/cli/test/internal/backendProcesses.test.cjs
+++ b/cli/test/internal/backendProcesses.test.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,46 @@ const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
 const fs = require('node:fs/promises');
 const path = require('node:path');
 const os = require('node:os');
-const { findDirectBackendPids } = require('../../dist/internal/runtime/backendProcesses');
+const {
+  findDirectBackendPids,
+} = require('../../dist/internal/runtime/backendProcesses');
+
+test('backend discovery accepts only owned compatibility flags and the exact installation entry', async (t) => {
+  const root = await fs.realpath(
+    await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ql-flagged-proc-')),
+  );
+  t.after(() => fs.rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+  const proc = path.join(root, 'proc'),
+    panel = path.join(root, 'panel with spaces');
+  const other = path.join(root, 'other/static/build/app.js');
+  const entry = path.join(panel, 'static/build/app.js');
+  for (const file of [entry, other]) {
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(file), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.writeFile(file, '');
+  }
+  const flags = ['--no-opt', '--no-sparkplug', '--no-maglev'];
+  const cases = [
+    [['/usr/bin/node', ...flags, entry], true],
+    [['node24', ...flags, 'static/build/app.js'], true],
+    [['node', ...flags, other], false],
+    [['node', '-e', entry], false],
+    [['node', '-r', entry], false],
+    [['node', ...flags, entry, 'argument'], false],
+    [['node', '--no-opt', entry], false],
+    [['bash', ...flags, entry], false],
+    [['node', ...flags, '-e', entry], false],
+  ];
+  const expected = [];
+  for (const [i, [args, matches]] of cases.entries()) {
+    const pid = 910001 + i,
+      directory = path.join(proc, String(pid));
+    await fs.mkdir(directory, { recursive: true });
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(directory, 'cmdline'), args.join('\0') + '\0');
+    await fs.symlink(panel, path.join(directory, 'cwd'));
+    if (matches) expected.push(pid);
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual((await findDirectBackendPids(entry, proc)).sort(), expected);
+});
 
 test('Linux backend discovery scopes legacy relative and absolute commands to one installation', async (t) => {
   const root = await fs.realpath(
@@ -64,7 +103,10 @@ test(
     const { spawn } = require('node:child_process');
     const { once } = require('node:events');
     const { createContext } = require('../../dist/internal/runtime/context');
-    const { stopPanel, startPanel } = require('../../dist/internal/maintenance/operator');
+    const {
+      stopPanel,
+      startPanel,
+    } = require('../../dist/internal/maintenance/operator');
     const root = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ql-live-proc-'));
     const children = [];
     let fallbackPid;
@@ -223,7 +265,9 @@ for (const language of ['zh', 'en', 'unsupported']) {
       );
       t.after(() => fs.rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true }));
       const { createContext } = require('../../dist/internal/runtime/context');
-      const { startPanel } = require('../../dist/internal/maintenance/operator');
+      const {
+        startPanel,
+      } = require('../../dist/internal/maintenance/operator');
       const context = createContext({ root }, { PATH: '', QL_LANG: language });
       const entry = path.join(context.paths.dir_static, 'build/app.js');
       await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(entry), { recursive: true });
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.armv6-glibc b/docker/Dockerfile.armv6-glibc
deleted file mode 100644
index e80c731f..00000000
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.armv6-glibc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# ARMv7 is a source of application files only. None of its system libraries or
-# Node binaries are executed or copied into the ARMv6 runtime.
-ARG SOURCE_IMAGE
-FROM --platform=linux/arm/v7 ${SOURCE_IMAGE} AS source
-
-# PRoot keeps ARM1176 execution isolated, without installing host binfmt handlers.
-FROM --platform=linux/amd64 debian:bookworm-slim@sha256:7c7b2c966bc9ee8cedfeef67e0e279108992c77681fa595db4a9d65c06ccc587 AS runtime
-COPY --from=source /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
-RUN sed -i 's|http://deb.debian.org|https://deb.debian.org|g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && \
-    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-      debootstrap gpg gpgv ca-certificates curl qemu-user-static && \
-    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-# Debian's PRoot 5.1 predates faccessat2, which modern QEMU uses for guest
-# access checks. Pin the upstream static tracer instead of misresolving paths.
-RUN curl -fsSL https://github.com/proot-me/proot/releases/download/v5.5.0/proot -o /usr/local/bin/proot && \
-    echo 'db185300a9daabbce86aca7632d8c7fdc4249f6f153171954013b70c5f491ec0  /usr/local/bin/proot' | sha256sum -c - && \
-    chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/proot && proot --version
-RUN curl -fsSL https://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian.public.key -o /tmp/raspbian.key && \
-    echo 'ca59cd4f2bcbc3a1d41ba6815a02a8dc5c175467a59bd87edeac458f4a5345de  /tmp/raspbian.key' | sha256sum -c - && \
-    gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/raspbian.gpg /tmp/raspbian.key && \
-    debootstrap --foreign --arch=armhf --variant=minbase \
-      --keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/raspbian.gpg \
-      bullseye /armv6 https://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian
-COPY docker/armv6-run /usr/local/bin/armv6-run
-RUN chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/armv6-run && \
-    DEBOOTSTRAP_DIR=/debootstrap armv6-run /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage && \
-    cp /usr/share/keyrings/raspbian.gpg /armv6/usr/share/keyrings/raspbian.gpg && \
-    printf '%s\n' 'deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/raspbian.gpg] https://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian bullseye main' > /armv6/etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    mkdir -p /armv6/etc/ssl/certs && \
-    cp /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /armv6/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt && \
-    printf '127.0.0.1 localhost\n::1 localhost\n' > /armv6/etc/hosts && \
-    printf '#!/bin/sh\nexit 101\n' > /armv6/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d && \
-    chmod 755 /armv6/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d && \
-    armv6-run /bin/sh -ec 'apt-get update; DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends build-essential binutils python3 ca-certificates curl git nginx procps jq sudo; rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*'
-# This Node is a pinned CI/test prerequisite, never part of the upgrade archive.
-# Build against the minimum supported Node, including its bundled C++ headers.
-RUN curl -fsSL https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/download/release/v20.18.1/node-v20.18.1-linux-armv6l.tar.gz -o /tmp/node.tar.gz && \
-    echo 'd4343a3d0fe23ddbd785537271bb0b60435edd50f5fba5bc580134592d51f011  /tmp/node.tar.gz' | sha256sum -c - && \
-    tar -xzf /tmp/node.tar.gz -C /armv6/usr/local --strip-components=1 && rm /tmp/node.tar.gz
-COPY --from=source /ql/ /armv6/ql/
-# PM2 is JavaScript. Keep the ARMv6 Node/npm and the Raspbian system libraries.
-COPY --from=source /usr/local/lib/node_modules/pm2/ /armv6/usr/local/lib/node_modules/pm2/
-RUN ln -s ../lib/node_modules/pm2/bin/pm2 /armv6/usr/local/bin/pm2 && \
-    armv6-run /bin/bash -ec 'ulimit -c 0; cd "$(readlink -f /ql/node_modules/sqlite3)"; CFLAGS="-march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard" CXXFLAGS="-march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard" npm_config_nodedir=/usr/local npm_config_build_from_source=true node --jitless -e '\''require("node:child_process").execFileSync(process.execPath,[require.resolve("@mapbox/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp"),"rebuild","--napi_build_version=6"],{stdio:"inherit"})'\''; readelf -A lib/binding/napi-v6-linux-arm/node_sqlite3.node | grep -E "Tag_CPU_arch: v6($|K)"; readelf -A lib/binding/napi-v6-linux-arm/node_sqlite3.node | grep "Tag_ABI_VFP_args: VFP registers"; rm -rf build; node --jitless -e '\''const p=process; if(p.config.variables.arm_version!=="6" && p.config.variables.arm_version!==6) process.exit(1); console.log(JSON.stringify({node:p.version,arm:p.config.variables.arm_version,float:p.config.variables.arm_float_abi,glibc:p.report.getReport().header.glibcVersionRuntime}));'\'''
-LABEL qinglong.qa.runtime="armv6-glibc-arm1176"
-ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/armv6-run"]
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.upgrade-bundle-armv6-glibc b/docker/Dockerfile.upgrade-bundle-armv6-glibc
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c073ac3..00000000
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.upgrade-bundle-armv6-glibc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# An immutable digest of the CI-only ARM1176 validator, built in the same run.
-ARG BASE_IMAGE
-FROM ${BASE_IMAGE} AS bundle
-ARG BASE_IMAGE
-ENV QL_BUNDLE_BASE_IMAGE=${BASE_IMAGE}
-RUN ulimit -c 0; armv6-run /bin/bash -ec \
-    'node --jitless /ql/scripts/build-upgrade-bundle.cjs /ql /out; \
-     for archive in /out/*.tar.gz; do \
-       node /ql/shell/install-bundle.cjs --root /tmp/ql-bundle-offline-smoke --file "$archive" --install; \
-       rm -rf /tmp/ql-bundle-offline-smoke; \
-     done'
-FROM scratch
-COPY --from=bundle /armv6/out/ /
diff --git a/docker/armv6-run b/docker/armv6-run
deleted file mode 100755
index 4d6a2ff7..00000000
--- a/docker/armv6-run
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -eu
-export PROOT_NO_SECCOMP=1 QEMU_CPU=arm1176
-# Bind only kernel interfaces; all application files and writable state remain
-# inside this container's ARMv6 root. Child processes also pass through QEMU.
-exec proot -0 -q '/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static -cpu arm1176' \
-  -r /armv6 -b /proc -b /dev -w / "$@"
diff --git a/docs/development/platform-upgrade-bundles.md b/docs/development/platform-upgrade-bundles.md
index fc844b6e..d49f9a38 100644
--- a/docs/development/platform-upgrade-bundles.md
+++ b/docs/development/platform-upgrade-bundles.md
@@ -8,15 +8,17 @@ CI 从同次构建的不可变镜像摘要导出完整 tar.gz，包含源码中
 
 面板下载任务与本地离线入口共用 `platformBundle.cjs`：平台匹配 → 归档安全检查 → 全文件/链接/权限和锁文件校验 → SQLite/Sequelize/cron-parser/gRPC/undici 加载及 SQLite 内存库读写 → 隔离后端预启动 → 发布就绪指针。预启动使用现有 Node、临时数据目录和 loopback 随机端口，运行真实数据库建表/迁移和事务读写、gRPC 服务，以及与正常启动共用的 HTTP 中间件、路由和 WebSocket 初始化，再通过 `/api/health` 确认双服务与目标版本、提交和后端摘要；不运行任务、订阅、通知、用户启动钩子和系统依赖安装。临时库不是用户数据库副本，因此实际应用后的健康检查和回退仍不可省略。点击重启时，接口只检查就绪记录并提交后台任务；完整文件与依赖复验由独立工作进程执行，复验通过后才停止旧服务，避免小设备的预检耗时超过 HTTP 请求期限。离线升级同步面板任务状态，并与在线任务互斥；中断准备时保留之前的可用就绪包。原有服务停止、文件备份、启动健康检查及失败恢复仍由共享升级引擎处理。
 
-正式升级包跟随 master 同一次版本镜像构建，直接使用该次 Alpine/Debian 镜像的不可变 digest；develop 的普通提交和 Git tag 工作流不生成或发布完整包。开发包需要手动运行现有镜像工作流：选择 develop，并勾选 `build_development_bundles`（默认为 false，不能与 `static_sync_only` 同时启用）。也可执行：
+正式升级包跟随 master 同一次版本镜像构建；develop 的普通提交也自动构建开发包。两者都直接使用该次 Alpine/Debian 镜像的不可变 digest。Git tag 工作流和 `static_sync_only` 不生成完整包。需要重建当前开发包时，可手动运行同一工作流：
 
 ```sh
-gh workflow run build-docker-image.yml --ref develop -f build_development_bundles=true
+gh workflow run build-docker-image.yml --ref develop
 ```
 
-手动运行会构建该次 develop 提交的两种镜像，并从输出的固定 digest 导出完整包，更新共用的 `upgrade-develop/latest.json`。`develop` 和 `debian-dev` 镜像都使用该索引，按实际 Node 架构和 musl/glibc 选择包，无需设置测试专用下载源。开发批次位于 `upgrade-build-develop-v<version>-<run-id>-<run-attempt>`，不会改写正式版本或 `upgrade-master`。同一开发渠道的手动发布串行执行，普通 develop CI 不受该队列影响。
+开发包更新共用的 `upgrade-develop/latest.json`。`develop` 和 `debian-dev` 镜像都使用该索引，按实际 Node 架构和 musl/glibc 选择包，无需设置测试专用下载源。开发批次位于 `upgrade-build-develop-v<version>-<run-id>-<run-attempt>`，不会改写正式版本或 `upgrade-master`。同一开发渠道的镜像构建和包发布串行执行，与 master 独立。
 
-开发和正式包都必须在 13 个平台完成归档、解包后复验及依赖试运行，并且全部上传资产的大小和 SHA256 复验通过后，才更新各自索引。ARMv6 glibc 继续使用同次 Debian 应用源码及专用 ARM1176 构建和验证环境。
+开发包只保留最新一个已验证批次：所有平台资产和渠道索引的大小、SHA256 校验成功后，删除其他名称匹配的开发构建 prerelease；不删除正式包、渠道索引或无法分类的旧 release。构建或上传失败不会删除上一套可用包。旧批次被删除后，已选中旧索引但尚未下载完的客户端可能需要重新发起下载；准备失败仍保留旧服务和数据。
+
+开发和正式包都必须在 12 个平台完成归档、解包后复验及依赖试运行，并且全部上传资产的大小和 SHA256 复验通过后，才更新各自索引。平台范围与现有 Alpine/Debian 镜像一致：ARMv6 仅提供 musl 包，不提供 ARMv6 glibc 包。
 
 版本入口为 GitHub prerelease `upgrade-v<version>` 下的 `latest.json`；在线正式渠道保留 `upgrade-master/latest.json`，兼容现有客户端。二者指向同一套完整包，指定版本与 latest 不重复生成产物。索引记录渠道、版本、源码提交、构建批次、准确字节数、SHA256，以及 `upgrade-build-v<version>-<run-id>-<run-attempt>` 下的固定下载 URL。相同版本的镜像 tag 重新发布时，完整包也重新生成，版本和正式渠道索引同步覆盖到新批次；同一提交重跑也允许产生新内容。已选中旧索引的下载继续使用旧批次资产，避免覆盖文件导致哈希不匹配。master 的镜像构建和完整包发布整条流水线串行执行，避免镜像 tag 与完整包被并发重发交错覆盖；旧工作流明确重跑时也允许同版本、同提交重新发布。过期源码提交不能推进对应渠道或版本索引；平台包上传失败时不切换索引。
 
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ QL_DIR=/opt/qinglong QL_DATA_DIR=/opt/qinglong/data bash /opt/qinglong/shell/sta
 
 `--install` 拒绝非空目录，不覆盖既有配置。该包安装青龙及其 Node 生产依赖；首次启动仍需已有 Python、Bash、OpenSSL、PM2、nginx 等相应运行环境，不会在线安装或替换它们。手动启动脚本会在启动工作进程前完成首次 gRPC 证书准备，避免慢设备生成密钥耗尽工作进程的就绪期限；已有证书继续复用。服务启动和系统自启按原手动安装流程配置。
 
-ARMv6 glibc 小设备（例如 Raspberry Pi 1/Zero 的 Raspbian/Raspberry Pi OS 32 位系统）选择 `linux-armv6-glibc.tar.gz`，以同一安装器执行上述离线命令。该包要求 glibc >= 2.31、ARMv6 硬浮点 Node >= 20.18.1，不适用于 ARMv5、软浮点 Node 或旧版 glibc。安装和升级均不需要 Docker，也不会下载或替换 Node。
+ARMv6 小设备使用 `linux-armv6-musl.tar.gz`，要求已有兼容的 musl 系统及硬浮点 Node。ARMv6 glibc（例如 Raspbian/Raspberry Pi OS 32 位系统）不在平台包支持范围内，不能使用 ARMv7 或 musl 包替代；安装器仍会检查实际架构和 libc，拒绝不匹配的包。
 
 ## npm 面板包
 
@@ -87,9 +89,8 @@ master 发布任务等待上述测试通过，直接发布已验证的 `.tgz`，
 - 最低 Node 为 20.18.1，Node-API 至少 6；安装器只检查，不替换 Node。
 - 以 Node 实际运行架构、ARM 指令集和 libc 类型/版本选择包；不依据 Docker 架构别名猜测。
 - glibc、musl 分包，并记录构建系统 libc 下限。系统库仍以目标设备加载测试作为最后检查。
-- ARMv6 glibc 使用签名校验的 Raspbian bullseye（glibc 2.31）构建环境，以固定 SHA256 的 ARMv6 Node 20.18.1 头文件编译 SQLite，强制 `-march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard`。CI 检查 ELF 的 ARMv6 和硬浮点标记，并在 QEMU ARM1176 下完成归档复验、SQLite 读写和空目录离线安装；验证辅助镜像按不可变摘要记录，不进入用户安装包。Debian ARMv7 镜像仅提供同次构建的应用文件，不复用其 Node、libc 或 SQLite 二进制。
 - ARMv6 与 ARMv7 使用不同包名。ARMv6 在目标镜像中从源码编译 SQLite，禁止复用 generic `arm` 的 ARMv7 预编译件；构建需通过加载和内存库读写，失败则不发布渠道。
-- ARMv6 的归档构建、在线更新工作进程及独立离线安装器使用 `--jitless`，避开 ARM1176 上 V8 的优化编译崩溃；保留现有 Node 二进制，正常面板进程的启动参数不变。ARMv6 的 gRPC 工作进程首次启动及重建最多等待 2 分钟；升级后的整体健康检查最多等待 5 分钟，覆盖慢设备按顺序启动数据库、调度与 HTTP 工作进程的耗时；其他平台仍为 60 秒，超时或版本校验失败仍执行回退。依赖加载与后端预启动使用现有 Node 的正常模式，使 Node 20.18.1 的内置 HTTP/WebAssembly 组件保持可用。预启动只有一个后端进程，按顺序初始化数据库、gRPC、HTTP，不启动 PM2/cluster；ARMv6 V8 堆上限 128 MiB、期限 5 分钟，其他平台为 192 MiB/60 秒。堆上限不是 RSS 总内存上限，系统仍需为现有服务和 OpenSSL 留出内存。依赖修复的包管理器及编译使用单并发、低网络并发和有界时长；ARMv6 包管理器采用 `--jitless`、256 MiB 堆上限，并优先复用版本匹配的现有 Node 头文件与实际运行时编译配置；超时、中断会终止整个进程组并清理临时目录。
+- ARMv6 的归档构建、在线更新工作进程及独立离线安装器使用 `--jitless`，避开 ARM1176 上 V8 的优化编译崩溃；保留现有 Node 二进制，Node 24 及以上的 ARMv6 面板进程通过共享 `nodeRuntime` 使用 `--no-opt --no-sparkplug --no-maglev`，其他架构和较低 Node 版本保持原启动参数。ARMv6 的 gRPC 工作进程首次启动及重建最多等待 2 分钟；升级后的整体健康检查最多等待 5 分钟，覆盖慢设备按顺序启动数据库、调度与 HTTP 工作进程的耗时；其他平台仍为 60 秒，超时或版本校验失败仍执行回退。依赖加载与后端预启动使用现有 Node 的正常模式，使 Node 20.18.1 的内置 HTTP/WebAssembly 组件保持可用。预启动只有一个后端进程，按顺序初始化数据库、gRPC、HTTP，不启动 PM2/cluster；ARMv6 V8 堆上限 128 MiB、期限 5 分钟，其他平台为 192 MiB/60 秒。堆上限不是 RSS 总内存上限，系统仍需为现有服务和 OpenSSL 留出内存。依赖修复的包管理器及编译使用单并发、低网络并发和有界时长；ARMv6 包管理器采用 `--jitless`、256 MiB 堆上限，并优先复用版本匹配的现有 Node 头文件与实际运行时编译配置；超时、中断会终止整个进程组并清理临时目录。
 - tar 中允许 pnpm 的包内符号链接；拒绝绝对路径、越界路径、包外链接、硬链接、设备条目和经符号链接写入的条目。重启前再次校验依赖，暂存失败保留上一次可用的就绪包。
 
 自托管镜像可设置 `QL_UPGRADE_INDEX_URL` 指向兼容索引；要求 HTTPS，测试时仅放行 loopback HTTP。索引和所有平台归档应部署到同一可访问源，避免依赖额外的 raw 域名。
diff --git a/ecosystem.config.js b/ecosystem.config.js
index 6546ed4f..f910ae74 100644
--- a/ecosystem.config.js
+++ b/ecosystem.config.js
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 const isContainer = process.env.QL_CONTAINER === 'true';
+const runtimeArgs =
+  require('./cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs').serverRuntimeArgs();
 
 module.exports = {
   apps: [
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ module.exports = {
       // visible through `docker logs` before Winston is initialized.
       error_file: isContainer ? '/proc/1/fd/2' : undefined,
       script: 'static/build/app.js',
+      ...(runtimeArgs.length ? { node_args: runtimeArgs } : {}),
       env: {
         http_proxy: '',
         https_proxy: '',
diff --git a/scripts/publish-upgrade-bundles.cjs b/scripts/publish-upgrade-bundles.cjs
index 7fc9b715..3dc64fd7 100644
--- a/scripts/publish-upgrade-bundles.cjs
+++ b/scripts/publish-upgrade-bundles.cjs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ const platforms = [
   'linux-s390x-musl',
   'linux-ia32-musl',
   'linux-x64-glibc',
-  'linux-armv6-glibc',
   'linux-armv7-glibc',
   'linux-arm64-glibc',
   'linux-ppc64-glibc',
@@ -61,20 +60,14 @@ function publishBundles({
   branch,
   version,
   buildId,
-  allowDevelopment = false,
   gh = (...args) =>
     execFileSync('gh', args, {
       encoding: 'utf8',
       stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
     }),
 }) {
-  if (
-    branch !== 'master' &&
-    !(branch === 'develop' && allowDevelopment === true)
-  )
-    throw new Error(
-      'Only master or explicitly requested development images publish bundles',
-    );
+  if (!['master', 'develop'].includes(branch))
+    throw new Error('Only master or develop images publish bundles');
   if (!/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:-[\w.-]+)?(?:\+[\w.-]+)?$/.test(version || ''))
     throw new Error('Invalid bundle version');
   if (!/^\d+-\d+$/.test(buildId || ''))
@@ -226,6 +219,45 @@ function publishBundles({
       '--clobber',
     );
     gh('release', 'edit', ref, '--repo', repository, '--notes', notes);
+    if (
+      !matches(
+        lookup(ref)?.assets.find((a) => a.name === 'latest.json'),
+        path.join(directory, 'latest.json'),
+      )
+    )
+      throw new Error('Published channel index verification failed');
+  }
+  // Only prune development releases after the complete new batch and its
+  // channel pointer are verified. Production versions and aliases are retained.
+  if (development && currentSource()) {
+    const pages = JSON.parse(
+      gh(
+        'api',
+        `repos/${repository}/releases?per_page=100`,
+        '--paginate',
+        '--slurp',
+      ),
+    );
+    for (const release of pages.flat()) {
+      if (
+        release.tag_name !== tag &&
+        /^upgrade-build-develop-v\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:-[\w.-]+)?(?:\+[\w.-]+)?-\d+-\d+$/.test(
+          release.tag_name,
+        ) &&
+        release.prerelease === true &&
+        release.draft === false
+      ) {
+        if (!currentSource()) break;
+        gh(
+          'release',
+          'delete',
+          release.tag_name,
+          '--repo',
+          repository,
+          '--yes',
+        );
+      }
+    }
   }
   return true;
 }
@@ -246,8 +278,5 @@ if (require.main === module) {
     branch,
     version,
     buildId: `${process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}`,
-    allowDevelopment:
-      process.env.GITHUB_EVENT_NAME === 'workflow_dispatch' &&
-      process.env.QL_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT_BUNDLES === 'true',
   });
 }
diff --git a/scripts/verify-panel-package.cjs b/scripts/verify-panel-package.cjs
index 40155f78..05ce9d6d 100644
--- a/scripts/verify-panel-package.cjs
+++ b/scripts/verify-panel-package.cjs
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ const requiredFiles = [
   'shell/preload/esm-loader.mjs', 'shell/preload/notificationAudit.js',
   'sample/config.sample.sh', 'sample/auth.sample.json',
   'static/build-info.json', 'static/build/app.js', 'static/build/token.js',
-  'static/build/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.js', 'static/dist/index.html',
-  ...['upgradeArtifacts', 'platformBundle', 'upgradePrestart', 'panelUpgrade']
+  'static/build/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.js',
+  'static/dist/index.html',
+  ...['upgradeArtifacts', 'platformBundle', 'upgradePrestart', 'panelUpgrade', 'nodeRuntime']
     .map((name) => `cli/src/internal/maintenance/${name}.cjs`),
 ];
 
diff --git a/scripts/wait-for-mirror.sh b/scripts/wait-for-mirror.sh
index 25f9befa..ab0ea25d 100644
--- a/scripts/wait-for-mirror.sh
+++ b/scripts/wait-for-mirror.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,19 @@ fi
 for requested_ref in "${refs[@]}"; do
   git check-ref-format "$requested_ref"
 done
-command -v timeout >/dev/null || { echo 'GNU timeout is required' >&2; exit 2; }
+# Ubuntu 26.04's default timeout is from uutils. We require GNU's process-group
+# termination so git transport children cannot keep the query pipes open.
+timeout_command=''
+for candidate in timeout gnutimeout gtimeout; do
+  if version=$("$candidate" --version 2>/dev/null) && [[ "$version" == *'(GNU coreutils)'* ]]; then
+    timeout_command=$candidate
+    break
+  fi
+done
+if [[ -z "$timeout_command" ]]; then
+  echo 'GNU timeout is required (timeout, gnutimeout or gtimeout)' >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
 if [[ -n "$notify_repo" ]]; then
   if [[ ! "$notify_repo" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+/[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+$ ]]; then
     echo 'QL_MIRROR_NOTIFY_REPO must be a GitHub owner/repository' >&2
@@ -62,7 +74,7 @@ notification_command() {
   local budget=$((notification_deadline - SECONDS))
   if (( budget <= 0 )); then return 1; fi
   if (( budget > 10 )); then budget=10; fi
-  timeout --signal=KILL "${budget}s" "$@"
+  "$timeout_command" --signal=KILL "${budget}s" "$@"
 }
 
 notify_static_mirror() {
@@ -156,7 +168,7 @@ while (( SECONDS < wait_seconds )); do
     fi
     budget=$query_timeout
     if (( budget > remaining )); then budget=$remaining; fi
-    if ! output=$(timeout --signal=KILL "${budget}s" git ls-remote --refs \
+    if ! output=$("$timeout_command" --signal=KILL "${budget}s" git ls-remote --refs \
       "${urls[$index]}" "${refs[@]}" | LC_ALL=C sort); then
       echo "::warning::Could not read ${labels[$index]} refs on attempt $attempt; retrying"
       ready=false
diff --git a/shell/share.sh b/shell/share.sh
index 4a4f2379..50f8a1d0 100755
--- a/shell/share.sh
+++ b/shell/share.sh
@@ -294,6 +294,18 @@ delete_pm2() {
   pkill -f "node.*static/build/app.js" 2>/dev/null || true
 }
 
+load_node_runtime_args() {
+  ql_node_runtime_args=()
+  local runtime_args
+  local helper="$dir_root/cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs"
+  if [[ -f "$helper" ]]; then
+    runtime_args=$(node "$helper") || return $?
+    if [[ -n "$runtime_args" ]]; then
+      read -r -a ql_node_runtime_args <<<"$runtime_args"
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
 reload_pm2() {
   cd "$dir_root" || return $?
   restore_env_vars
@@ -305,6 +317,7 @@ reload_pm2() {
     local exit_code=$?
     t '警告: PM2 启动失败 (退出码: %s)，可能是由于硬件不兼容' "$exit_code"
     t '正在尝试直接使用 Node.js 启动服务...'
+    load_node_runtime_args || return $?
 
     # Kill any existing node processes for qinglong
     pkill -f "node.*static/build/app.js" 2>/dev/null || true
@@ -312,9 +325,9 @@ reload_pm2() {
     # Start node directly in the background. In containers, keep application
     # output on the container streams instead of duplicating Winston logs on disk.
     if [[ "$QL_CONTAINER" == "true" ]]; then
-      nohup node static/build/app.js >/proc/1/fd/1 2>/proc/1/fd/2 &
+      nohup node "${ql_node_runtime_args[@]}" static/build/app.js >/proc/1/fd/1 2>/proc/1/fd/2 &
     else
-      nohup node static/build/app.js >"$dir_log/qinglong.log" 2>&1 &
+      nohup node "${ql_node_runtime_args[@]}" static/build/app.js >"$dir_log/qinglong.log" 2>&1 &
     fi
     local node_pid=$!
 
diff --git a/shell/start-simplify.sh b/shell/start-simplify.sh
index bc9bd871..22e07f42 100644
--- a/shell/start-simplify.sh
+++ b/shell/start-simplify.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ fix_config
 
 # Slow devices may need more than the worker's readiness window to generate
 # first-boot certificates. Reuse the regular initializer before starting workers.
-node <<'QL_PREPARE_GRPC_CERTS'
+load_node_runtime_args
+node "${ql_node_runtime_args[@]}" <<'QL_PREPARE_GRPC_CERTS'
 require(require('node:path').join(process.env.QL_DIR, 'static/build/config/grpcCerts.js'))
   .initGrpcCerts()
   .catch((error) => {
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ require(require('node:path').join(process.env.QL_DIR, 'static/build/config/grpcC
   });
 QL_PREPARE_GRPC_CERTS
 
-pm2 l &>/dev/null
+pm2 l &>/dev/null || true
 
 log_with_style "INFO" "$(t '🔄  2. 启动 nginx...')"
 nginx -s reload 2>/dev/null || nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
diff --git a/test/back/mirror-status.test.cjs b/test/back/mirror-status.test.cjs
index e0eec3fe..d9beff5a 100644
--- a/test/back/mirror-status.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/mirror-status.test.cjs
@@ -50,6 +50,30 @@ test('mirror verification reads matching refs without changing either repository
   assert.equal(git('-C', source, 'status', '--porcelain'), '');
 });
 
+test('mirror verification selects GNU timeout when the default is another implementation', (t) => {
+  const { tmp, source, mirror } = fixture(t);
+  git('-C', source, 'push', mirror, 'develop');
+  const realTimeout = ['timeout', 'gnutimeout', 'gtimeout'].find((name) => {
+    const result = spawnSync(name, ['--version'], { encoding: 'utf8' });
+    return result.status === 0 && result.stdout.includes('(GNU coreutils)');
+  });
+  assert.ok(realTimeout, 'The mirror script requires GNU timeout');
+  const bin = path.join(tmp, 'bin');
+  fs.mkdirSync(bin);
+  fs.symlinkSync(execFileSync('which', [realTimeout], { encoding: 'utf8' }).trim(), path.join(bin, 'gnutimeout'));
+  fs.symlinkSync(execFileSync('which', ['git'], { encoding: 'utf8' }).trim(), path.join(bin, 'git'));
+  fs.symlinkSync(execFileSync('which', ['sort'], { encoding: 'utf8' }).trim(), path.join(bin, 'sort'));
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(bin, 'timeout'), '#!/bin/sh\nif [ "$1" = --version ]; then echo "timeout (uutils coreutils)"; exit 0; fi\nexit 98\n', { mode: 0o755 });
+  const args = [script, source, mirror, 'develop'];
+  const result = spawnSync('/bin/bash', args, options({ PATH: bin }));
+  assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr + result.stdout);
+  assert.match(result.stdout, /Mirror matches the latest source refs/);
+  fs.unlinkSync(path.join(bin, 'gnutimeout'));
+  const unsupported = spawnSync('/bin/bash', args, options({ PATH: bin }));
+  assert.equal(unsupported.status, 2, unsupported.stderr + unsupported.stdout);
+  assert.match(unsupported.stderr, /GNU timeout is required/);
+});
+
 test('mirror polling follows a source that advances while waiting', async (t) => {
   const { source, mirror } = fixture(t);
   git('-C', source, 'push', mirror, 'develop');
diff --git a/test/back/node-runtime.test.cjs b/test/back/node-runtime.test.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a6e2363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/back/node-runtime.test.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+const test = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const {
+  serverRuntimeArgs,
+} = require('../../cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs');
+
+test('server compatibility flags target ARMv6 Node 24 while retaining WebAssembly and the existing Node', () => {
+  for (const [arch, armVersion, version, enabled] of [
+    ['arm', '6', '24.18.1', true],
+    ['arm', 6, '24.18.1', true],
+    ['arm', 6, '20.18.1', false],
+    ['arm', 6, '22.20.0', false],
+    ['arm', 7, '24.18.1', false],
+    ['arm64', undefined, '24.18.1', false],
+    ['x64', undefined, '24.18.1', false],
+  ]) {
+    const flags = serverRuntimeArgs({
+      arch,
+      config: { variables: { arm_version: armVersion } },
+      versions: { node: version },
+    });
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      flags,
+      enabled ? ['--no-opt', '--no-sparkplug', '--no-maglev'] : [],
+    );
+    assert.ok(!flags.includes('--jitless'));
+  }
+});
+
+test('the normal PM2 application uses the same server arguments as prestart', () => {
+  const app = require('../../ecosystem.config.js').apps.find(
+    (x) => x.name === 'qinglong',
+  );
+  const flags = serverRuntimeArgs();
+  assert.deepEqual(app.node_args || [], flags);
+  if (!flags.length) assert.equal(app.node_args, undefined);
+});
+
+test('ARMv6 server flags retain real HTTP, fetch and undici parsing', () => {
+  const { spawnSync } = require('node:child_process');
+  const flags = serverRuntimeArgs({
+    arch: 'arm',
+    config: { variables: { arm_version: 6 } },
+    versions: { node: '24.18.1' },
+  });
+  const result = spawnSync(
+    process.execPath,
+    [
+      ...flags,
+      '-e',
+      `
+    const http=require('http'),assert=require('assert/strict');
+    assert.equal(typeof WebAssembly,'object');
+    const server=http.createServer((req,res)=>res.end('parser-ok'));
+    server.listen(0,'127.0.0.1',async()=>{
+      try {
+        const url='http://127.0.0.1:'+server.address().port;
+        assert.equal(await (await fetch(url)).text(),'parser-ok');
+        assert.equal(await (await require('undici').request(url)).body.text(),'parser-ok');
+      } catch(e){console.error(e);process.exitCode=1;}
+      finally{server.closeAllConnections();server.close();}
+    });
+  `,
+    ],
+    {
+      encoding: 'utf8',
+      timeout: 10000,
+      env: { ...process.env, NODE_OPTIONS: '' },
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr || result.error?.message);
+});
diff --git a/test/back/platform-bundle.test.cjs b/test/back/platform-bundle.test.cjs
index 9583baf5..10b1def3 100644
--- a/test/back/platform-bundle.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/platform-bundle.test.cjs
@@ -7,6 +7,67 @@ const tar = require('tar');
 const bundle = require('../../cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs');
 const artifacts = require('../../shell/upgrade.cjs');
 
+test('dependency probes allow slow ARMv6 startup while preserving cancellation and normal Node execution', async () => {
+  const vm = require('node:vm');
+  const filename = require.resolve(
+    '../../cli/src/internal/maintenance/platformBundle.cjs',
+  );
+  const text = await fs.readFile(filename, 'utf8');
+  for (const [arch, armVersion, version, timeout] of [
+    ['arm', 6, '20.18.1', 300000],
+    ['arm', 6, '24.18.1', 300000],
+    ['arm', 7, '24.18.1', 30000],
+    ['x64', undefined, '24.18.1', 30000],
+  ]) {
+    let launch;
+    const m = { exports: {} };
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const localRequire = (name) => {
+      if (name === 'node:child_process')
+        return {
+          execFile(program, args, options, callback) {
+            launch = { program, args, options };
+            callback(null, '', '');
+          },
+        };
+      return require(require.resolve(name, {
+        paths: [path.dirname(filename)],
+      }));
+    };
+    vm.runInNewContext(
+      text,
+      {
+        module: m,
+        exports: m.exports,
+        require: localRequire,
+        process: {
+          arch,
+          config: { variables: { arm_version: armVersion } },
+          versions: { node: version },
+          execPath: process.execPath,
+          env: { NODE_OPTIONS: '--jitless', NODE_PATH: '/outside' },
+        },
+      },
+      { filename },
+    );
+    await m.exports.smokeDependencies('/staged/payload', controller.signal);
+    assert.equal(launch.program, process.execPath);
+    assert.equal(launch.args.at(-2), '-e');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      Array.from(launch.args.slice(0, -2)),
+      arch === 'arm' && armVersion === 6 && version.startsWith('24.')
+        ? ['--no-opt', '--no-sparkplug', '--no-maglev']
+        : [],
+    );
+    assert.ok(!launch.args.includes('--jitless'));
+    assert.equal(launch.options.cwd, '/staged/payload');
+    assert.equal(launch.options.timeout, timeout);
+    assert.equal(launch.options.signal, controller.signal);
+    assert.equal(launch.options.env.NODE_OPTIONS, '');
+    assert.equal(launch.options.env.NODE_PATH, '');
+  }
+});
+
 for (const failure of ['prestart', 'repair'])
   test(`failed ${failure} preserves the installed dependencies and previous ready pointer`, async (t) => {
     const f = await fixture(t);
@@ -395,6 +456,7 @@ test('native target compatibility distinguishes ARMv6/ARMv7 and libc and retains
   bundle.assertCompatible(manifest, target, '20.20.2');
   const glibcTarget = {
     ...target,
+    arch: 'armv7',
     libc: 'glibc',
     libcVersion: '2.31',
     endianness: 'LE',
@@ -405,7 +467,7 @@ test('native target compatibility distinguishes ARMv6/ARMv7 and libc and retains
     target: { ...glibcTarget, libcMinimum: '2.31' },
   };
   bundle.assertCompatible(glibcManifest, glibcTarget, '20.18.1');
-  assert.equal(bundle.targetKey(glibcTarget), 'linux-armv6-glibc');
+  assert.equal(bundle.targetKey(glibcTarget), 'linux-armv7-glibc');
   assert.throws(
     () =>
       bundle.assertCompatible(glibcManifest, {
@@ -529,10 +591,10 @@ test('publishing requires every platform and validates all immutable archive has
     );
   }
   const index = releaseIndex(f.directory, sourceCommit, repository);
-  assert.equal(Object.keys(index.packages).length, 13);
+  assert.equal(Object.keys(index.packages).length, 12);
   const armv6 = path.join(
     f.directory,
-    `qinglong-${sourceCommit}-linux-armv6-glibc.tar.gz`,
+    `qinglong-${sourceCommit}-linux-armv6-musl.tar.gz`,
   );
   const armv6Bytes = await fs.readFile(armv6);
   await fs.rm(armv6);
diff --git a/test/back/primary-apm.test.cjs b/test/back/primary-apm.test.cjs
index ab0e09e1..30bab063 100644
--- a/test/back/primary-apm.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/primary-apm.test.cjs
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ const test = require('node:test');
 const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
 const vm = require('node:vm');
 const fs = require('node:fs');
+const configRequire = require('node:module').createRequire(require('node:path').resolve('ecosystem.config.js'));
 const source = fs.readFileSync('ecosystem.config.js', 'utf8');
 const appSource = fs.readFileSync('back/app.ts', 'utf8');
 const ts = require('typescript');
 const compiled = ts.transpileModule(appSource.slice(0, appSource.indexOf('\nconst app = new Application();')) + '\nmodule.exports = Application;', {compilerOptions:{module:ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,target:ts.ScriptTarget.ES2022,esModuleInterop:true}}).outputText;
-function config(env) {const module={exports:{}};vm.runInNewContext(source,{module,process:{env}});return module.exports.apps[0];}
+function config(env) {const module={exports:{}};vm.runInNewContext(source,{module,process:{env},require:configRequire});return module.exports.apps[0];}
 test('container APM policy keeps worker isolation and can restore all inherited probes', () => {
   for (const primary of [undefined, 'true']) for (const workers of [undefined, 'true']) {
     const env={QL_CONTAINER:'true',QL_PRIMARY_APM:primary,QL_WORKER_APM:workers};
diff --git a/test/back/publish-upgrade-bundles.test.cjs b/test/back/publish-upgrade-bundles.test.cjs
index c376dced..53581a89 100644
--- a/test/back/publish-upgrade-bundles.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/publish-upgrade-bundles.test.cjs
@@ -69,6 +69,15 @@ function fixture(t) {
       const route = args[1];
       if (route.endsWith('/git/ref/heads/master')) return state.head;
       if (route.endsWith('/git/ref/heads/develop')) return state.developHead;
+      if (route.endsWith('/releases?per_page=100'))
+        return JSON.stringify([
+          Array.from(state.releases.keys(), (tag_name) => ({
+            tag_name,
+            prerelease: true,
+            draft: false,
+            ...state.releaseMetadata?.[tag_name],
+          })),
+        ]);
       if (route.includes('/releases/tags/')) {
         const tag = decodeURIComponent(route.split('/releases/tags/')[1]);
         if (state.lookupFailure === tag)
@@ -118,13 +127,23 @@ function fixture(t) {
           digest: `sha256:${sha256(bytes)}`,
         });
       }
+      if (tag === 'upgrade-develop' && state.corruptChannel)
+        release.get('latest.json').digest = 'sha256:wrong';
       if (files.length > 1) {
         if (state.corruptUploadedBatch)
           release.get(path.basename(files[0])).digest = 'sha256:wrong';
         if (state.changeHeadAfterUpload) state.head = 'b'.repeat(40);
+        if (state.changeDevelopHeadAfterUpload)
+          state.developHead = 'd'.repeat(40);
       }
       return '';
     }
+    if (args[0] === 'release' && args[1] === 'delete') {
+      if (state.failDelete) throw new Error('Delete unavailable');
+      assert.ok(state.releases.has(args[2]));
+      state.releases.delete(args[2]);
+      return '';
+    }
     if (args[0] === 'release' && args[1] === 'edit') return '';
     throw new Error(`Unexpected gh call: ${JSON.stringify(args)}`);
   };
@@ -143,10 +162,10 @@ test('publishes every platform and installer before advancing version and legacy
   assert.equal(index.version, '2.24.0');
   assert.equal(index.buildId, '100-1');
   assert.equal(index.sourceCommit, f.options.commit);
-  assert.equal(Object.keys(index.packages).length, 13);
+  assert.equal(Object.keys(index.packages).length, 12);
   assert.deepEqual(index, f.index('upgrade-v2.24.0'));
   const tag = 'upgrade-build-v2.24.0-100-1';
-  assert.equal(f.state.releases.get(tag).size, 28);
+  assert.equal(f.state.releases.get(tag).size, 26);
   for (const entry of [...Object.values(index.packages), index.installer]) {
     const url = new URL(entry.url),
       filename = path.basename(url.pathname);
@@ -230,7 +249,7 @@ for (const fault of ['missing', 'corrupt', 'wrong-version'])
     const f = fixture(t);
     const archive = path.join(
       f.directory,
-      `qinglong-${f.options.commit}-linux-armv6-glibc.tar.gz`,
+      `qinglong-${f.options.commit}-linux-armv6-musl.tar.gz`,
     );
     if (fault === 'missing') fs.rmSync(archive);
     else if (fault === 'corrupt') fs.appendFileSync(archive, 'corrupt');
@@ -288,7 +307,7 @@ test('an explicitly rerun earlier workflow may replace the same version and comm
 
 test('non-master branches, invalid build IDs and API failures cannot overwrite published versions', (t) => {
   const f = fixture(t);
-  for (const branch of ['develop', 'v2.24.0', 'feature/test'])
+  for (const branch of ['debian-dev', 'v2.24.0', 'feature/test'])
     assert.throws(() => f.publish({ branch }), /Only master/);
   for (const buildId of [undefined, '100', '100-1/other'])
     assert.throws(() => f.publish({ buildId }), /Invalid bundle build ID/);
@@ -316,7 +335,7 @@ test('existing master clients can migrate from indexes without version/build met
   assert.equal(f.index().buildId, '100-2');
 });
 
-test('explicit development publication shares musl/glibc packages without changing version or latest production assets', (t) => {
+test('automatic development publication shares musl/glibc packages without changing version or latest production assets', (t) => {
   const f = fixture(t);
   f.publish();
   const production = f.index();
@@ -325,18 +344,17 @@ test('explicit development publication shares musl/glibc packages without changi
     f.publish({
       branch: 'develop',
       commit: f.state.developHead,
-      allowDevelopment: true,
     }),
     true,
   );
   const development = f.index('upgrade-develop');
   assert.equal(development.channel, 'develop');
   assert.equal(development.sourceCommit, f.state.developHead);
-  assert.equal(Object.keys(development.packages).length, 13);
+  assert.equal(Object.keys(development.packages).length, 12);
   assert.ok(development.packages['linux-x64-musl']);
   assert.ok(development.packages['linux-x64-glibc']);
   assert.ok(development.packages['linux-armv6-musl']);
-  assert.ok(development.packages['linux-armv6-glibc']);
+  assert.equal(development.packages['linux-armv6-glibc'], undefined);
   for (const entry of [
     ...Object.values(development.packages),
     development.installer,
@@ -344,44 +362,30 @@ test('explicit development publication shares musl/glibc packages without changi
     assert.ok(entry.url.includes('/upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-100-1/'));
   assert.deepEqual(f.index(), production);
   assert.deepEqual(f.index('upgrade-v2.24.0'), production);
-  assert.equal(f.state.releases.get('upgrade-build-v2.24.0-100-1').size, 28);
+  assert.equal(f.state.releases.get('upgrade-build-v2.24.0-100-1').size, 26);
   assert.equal(
     f.state.releases.get('upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-100-1').size,
-    28,
+    26,
   );
 });
 
-test('development builds require explicit boolean opt-in and cannot publish obsolete development source', (t) => {
+test('development builds cannot publish obsolete development source', (t) => {
   const f = fixture(t);
-  for (const allowDevelopment of [false, undefined, 'true'])
-    assert.throws(
-      () => f.publish({ branch: 'develop', allowDevelopment }),
-      /explicitly requested/,
-    );
-  assert.throws(
-    () => f.publish({ branch: 'feature/test', allowDevelopment: true }),
-    /Only master/,
-  );
-  assert.equal(f.state.calls.length, 0);
   f.write(f.state.developHead, 'development');
   const obsolete = f.state.developHead;
   f.state.developHead = 'd'.repeat(40);
-  assert.equal(
-    f.publish({ branch: 'develop', commit: obsolete, allowDevelopment: true }),
-    false,
-  );
+  assert.equal(f.publish({ branch: 'develop', commit: obsolete }), false);
   assert.equal(f.state.releases.size, 0);
 });
 
 for (const fault of ['failBatchUpload', 'corruptUploadedBatch'])
-  test(`failed manual development publication preserves both channels (${fault})`, (t) => {
+  test(`failed automatic development publication preserves both channels (${fault})`, (t) => {
     const f = fixture(t);
     f.publish();
     const production = f.index();
     const options = {
       branch: 'develop',
       commit: f.state.developHead,
-      allowDevelopment: true,
     };
     f.write(options.commit, 'first development');
     f.publish(options);
@@ -396,3 +400,98 @@ for (const fault of ['failBatchUpload', 'corruptUploadedBatch'])
     assert.deepEqual(f.index(), production);
     assert.deepEqual(f.index('upgrade-v2.24.0'), production);
   });
+
+for (const fault of [
+  null,
+  'failBatchUpload',
+  'corruptUploadedBatch',
+  'corruptChannel',
+])
+  test(`development retention deletes old batches only after verified publication (${
+    fault || 'success'
+  })`, (t) => {
+    const f = fixture(t);
+    f.publish();
+    const production = f.index();
+    const options = { branch: 'develop', commit: f.state.developHead };
+    f.write(options.commit, 'development');
+    f.publish(options);
+    const oldTag = 'upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-100-1';
+    // Never prune production, channel aliases, legacy/unclassified releases,
+    // drafts or a non-prerelease even when its name resembles a dev build.
+    const protectedTags = [
+      'upgrade-86c37f426a5ba9945d6af1910a7885a26f77e4bc',
+      'v2.24.0',
+      'upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-10-1',
+      'upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-11-1',
+    ];
+    for (const tag of protectedTags) f.state.releases.set(tag, new Map());
+    f.state.releaseMetadata = {
+      [protectedTags[2]]: { draft: true },
+      [protectedTags[3]]: { prerelease: false },
+    };
+    f.write(options.commit, 'next development');
+    if (fault) f.state[fault] = true;
+    if (fault)
+      assert.throws(
+        () => f.publish({ ...options, buildId: '101-1' }),
+        /Upload interrupted|verification failed/,
+      );
+    else {
+      assert.equal(f.publish({ ...options, buildId: '101-1' }), true);
+      assert.equal(f.index('upgrade-develop').buildId, '101-1');
+      const deletion = f.state.calls.findIndex(
+        (a) => a[0] === 'release' && a[1] === 'delete',
+      );
+      const aliasEdit = f.state.calls.findLastIndex(
+        (a) => a[0] === 'release' && a[1] === 'edit',
+      );
+      assert.ok(deletion > aliasEdit);
+      assert.ok(
+        f.state.calls
+          .slice(aliasEdit + 1, deletion)
+          .some(
+            (a) =>
+              a[0] === 'api' && a[1].includes('/releases/tags/upgrade-develop'),
+          ),
+      );
+      assert.ok(f.state.releases.has('upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-101-1'));
+    }
+    assert.equal(f.state.releases.has(oldTag), Boolean(fault));
+    for (const tag of protectedTags) assert.ok(f.state.releases.has(tag));
+    assert.deepEqual(f.index(), production);
+    assert.deepEqual(f.index('upgrade-v2.24.0'), production);
+  });
+
+test('failed development cleanup is retryable without overwriting immutable assets', (t) => {
+  const f = fixture(t);
+  const options = { branch: 'develop', commit: f.state.developHead };
+  f.write(options.commit, 'development');
+  f.publish(options);
+  f.state.failDelete = true;
+  assert.throws(
+    () => f.publish({ ...options, buildId: '101-1' }),
+    /Delete unavailable/,
+  );
+  assert.equal(f.index('upgrade-develop').buildId, '101-1');
+  assert.ok(f.state.releases.has('upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-100-1'));
+  f.state.failDelete = false;
+  f.publish({ ...options, buildId: '101-1' });
+  assert.ok(!f.state.releases.has('upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-100-1'));
+  assert.ok(f.state.releases.has('upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-101-1'));
+});
+
+test('a newer development commit during upload preserves the published channel and its old package', (t) => {
+  const f = fixture(t);
+  const options = { branch: 'develop', commit: f.state.developHead };
+  f.write(options.commit, 'development');
+  f.publish(options);
+  const before = f.index('upgrade-develop');
+  f.state.changeDevelopHeadAfterUpload = true;
+  assert.equal(f.publish({ ...options, buildId: '101-1' }), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(f.index('upgrade-develop'), before);
+  assert.ok(f.state.releases.has('upgrade-build-develop-v2.24.0-100-1'));
+  assert.ok(
+    !f.state.calls.some((a) => a[0] === 'release' && a[1] === 'delete'),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/test/back/start-certificate-preparation.test.cjs b/test/back/start-certificate-preparation.test.cjs
index 827600e2..3edd9c96 100644
--- a/test/back/start-certificate-preparation.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/start-certificate-preparation.test.cjs
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ const path = require('node:path');
 const { spawnSync } = require('node:child_process');
 
 const startup = fs.readFileSync('shell/start-simplify.sh', 'utf8');
-const preparation = startup.slice(
+const runtimeLoader = fs.readFileSync('shell/share.sh', 'utf8')
+  .match(/^load_node_runtime_args\(\) \{[\s\S]*?^\}/m)[0];
+const preparation = `${runtimeLoader}\ndir_root="$QL_DIR"\n` + startup.slice(
   startup.indexOf('\nfix_config\n'),
   startup.indexOf('log_with_style "INFO" "$(t \'🔄'),
 );
diff --git a/test/back/static-mirror.test.cjs b/test/back/static-mirror.test.cjs
index 47af860d..75085ea8 100644
--- a/test/back/static-mirror.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/static-mirror.test.cjs
@@ -6,6 +6,61 @@ const os = require('node:os');
 const { execFileSync, spawnSync } = require('node:child_process');
 const { writeManifest } = require('../helpers/upgrade-fixture.cjs');
 
+test('both static publication steps supply a token as the HTTPS password and reject missing credentials', () => {
+  const workflow = require('js-yaml').load(
+    fs.readFileSync('.github/workflows/build-docker-image.yml', 'utf8'),
+  );
+  for (const name of [
+    'copy to static repo',
+    'publish verified upgrade download sizes',
+  ]) {
+    const step = workflow.jobs['build-static'].steps.find(
+      (step) => step.name === name,
+    );
+    assert.equal(step.env.STATIC_TOKEN, '${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}');
+    const tmp = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ql-static-auth-'));
+    try {
+      // Capture the real workflow command's argv, without contacting any remote.
+      for (const program of ['bash', 'node']) {
+        fs.writeFileSync(
+          path.join(tmp, program),
+          '#!/bin/sh\nprintf "%s\\n" "$@" > "$QA_ARGS"\n',
+          { mode: 0o755 },
+        );
+      }
+      const argsFile = path.join(tmp, 'args');
+      const env = {
+        PATH: tmp,
+        QA_ARGS: argsFile,
+        STATIC_TOKEN: 'fixture-secret',
+        GITHUB_REPO: 'github.com/fixture/static',
+        GITHUB_BRANCH: 'develop',
+        GITHUB_REF_TYPE: 'branch',
+        GITHUB_SHA: 'a'.repeat(40),
+      };
+      const result = spawnSync('/bin/bash', ['-euc', step.run], {
+        env,
+        encoding: 'utf8',
+      });
+      assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
+      const remote = fs.readFileSync(argsFile, 'utf8').split('\n')[1];
+      const url = new URL(remote);
+      assert.equal(url.username, 'x-access-token');
+      assert.equal(url.password, env.STATIC_TOKEN);
+      fs.unlinkSync(argsFile);
+      assert.notEqual(
+        spawnSync('/bin/bash', ['-euc', step.run], {
+          env: { ...env, STATIC_TOKEN: '' },
+        }).status,
+        0,
+      );
+      assert.equal(fs.existsSync(argsFile), false);
+    } finally {
+      fs.rmSync(tmp, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  }
+});
+
 test('static mirror receives complete orphan snapshots of each requested branch and reports rejection', (t) => {
   const tmp = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ql-static-mirror-'));
   t.after(() => fs.rmSync(tmp, { recursive: true, force: true }));
diff --git a/test/back/upgrade-bundle-workflow.test.cjs b/test/back/upgrade-bundle-workflow.test.cjs
index c054c654..145b9077 100644
--- a/test/back/upgrade-bundle-workflow.test.cjs
+++ b/test/back/upgrade-bundle-workflow.test.cjs
@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ const yaml = require('js-yaml');
 const workflow = yaml.load(
   fs.readFileSync('.github/workflows/build-docker-image.yml', 'utf8'),
 );
+
+test('shared server runtime changes trigger the image and upgrade verification workflow', () => {
+  const paths = workflow.on.push.paths;
+  assert.ok(
+    paths.indexOf('cli/src/internal/maintenance/nodeRuntime.cjs') >
+      paths.indexOf('!cli/**'),
+  );
+});
 // These conditions use GitHub's boolean operators and format(), which have the
 // same semantics for the boolean/string contexts exercised here.
 const evaluate = (expression, github, inputs = {}) => {
@@ -25,25 +33,14 @@ const evaluate = (expression, github, inputs = {}) => {
       );
 };
 
-test('both bundle jobs require master or an explicit development dispatch', () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    workflow.on.workflow_dispatch.inputs.build_development_bundles.default,
-    false,
-  );
+test('both channels automatically build bundles, with static-only and Git-tag runs excluded', () => {
   const cases = [
-    ['push', 'refs/heads/develop', {}, false],
-    ['push', 'refs/heads/develop', { build_development_bundles: true }, false],
-    ['workflow_dispatch', 'refs/heads/develop', {}, false],
+    ['push', 'refs/heads/develop', {}, true],
+    ['workflow_dispatch', 'refs/heads/develop', {}, true],
     [
       'workflow_dispatch',
       'refs/heads/develop',
-      { build_development_bundles: true },
-      true,
-    ],
-    [
-      'workflow_dispatch',
-      'refs/heads/develop',
-      { build_development_bundles: true, static_sync_only: true },
+      { static_sync_only: true },
       false,
     ],
     ['push', 'refs/heads/master', {}, true],
@@ -55,12 +52,7 @@ test('both bundle jobs require master or an explicit development dispatch', () =
       false,
     ],
     ['push', 'refs/tags/v2.24.0', {}, false],
-    [
-      'workflow_dispatch',
-      'refs/tags/v2.24.0',
-      { build_development_bundles: true },
-      false,
-    ],
+    ['workflow_dispatch', 'refs/tags/v2.24.0', {}, false],
   ];
   for (const name of ['build-upgrade-bundles', 'publish-upgrade-bundles'])
     for (const [event_name, ref, inputs, expected] of cases)
@@ -84,26 +76,53 @@ test('both bundle jobs require master or an explicit development dispatch', () =
   );
 });
 
-test('manual development releases serialize separately while normal develop CI remains independent', () => {
+test('development image and bundle publication serialize separately from production and static-only runs', () => {
   const group = (event_name, ref, inputs = {}, run_id = '100') =>
     evaluate(workflow.concurrency.group, { event_name, ref, run_id }, inputs);
   const master = group('push', 'refs/heads/master');
-  const development = group('workflow_dispatch', 'refs/heads/develop', {
-    build_development_bundles: true,
-  });
+  const development = group('push', 'refs/heads/develop');
   assert.equal(
     development,
-    group(
-      'workflow_dispatch',
-      'refs/heads/develop',
-      { build_development_bundles: true },
-      '101',
-    ),
+    group('workflow_dispatch', 'refs/heads/develop', {}, '101'),
   );
   assert.equal(master, group('push', 'refs/heads/master', {}, '101'));
   assert.notEqual(master, development);
-  const push = group('push', 'refs/heads/develop');
-  assert.notEqual(push, development);
-  assert.notEqual(push, group('push', 'refs/heads/develop', {}, '101'));
+  assert.notEqual(
+    development,
+    group('workflow_dispatch', 'refs/heads/develop', {
+      static_sync_only: true,
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.notEqual(
+    group('push', 'refs/tags/v2.24.0'),
+    group('push', 'refs/tags/v2.24.0', {}, '101'),
+  );
   assert.equal(workflow.concurrency['cancel-in-progress'], false);
 });
+
+test('bundle targets exactly match the source image platforms and publisher requirements', () => {
+  const targets =
+    workflow.jobs['build-upgrade-bundles'].strategy.matrix.include;
+  for (const [job, libc] of [
+    ['build-alpine', 'musl'],
+    ['build-debian', 'glibc'],
+  ]) {
+    const platforms = workflow.jobs[job].steps
+      .find((step) => step.with?.platforms)
+      .with.platforms.split(',');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      targets
+        .filter((t) => t.libc === libc)
+        .map((t) => t.platform)
+        .sort(),
+      platforms.sort(),
+    );
+  }
+  const { platforms } = require('../../scripts/publish-upgrade-bundles.cjs');
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    targets.map((t) => `linux-${t.name}`).sort(),
+    [...platforms].sort(),
+  );
+  assert.ok(platforms.includes('linux-armv6-musl'));
+  assert.ok(!platforms.includes('linux-armv6-glibc'));
+});
diff --git a/test/back/upgrade-readiness.test.cjs b/test/back/upgrade-readiness.test.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3850baed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/back/upgrade-readiness.test.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+const test = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const vm = require('node:vm');
+const { EventEmitter } = require('node:events');
+const ts = require('typescript');
+const load = require('../helpers/load-security-module.cjs');
+const { SchedulerReadiness } = load('back/shared/schedulerReadiness.ts');
+const { outputText } = ts.transpileModule(
+  fs.readFileSync('back/bootstrap/upgradeProbe.ts', 'utf8'),
+  { compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020, esModuleInterop: true } },
+);
+
+// Run the real probe entry point, including its lifecycle and IPC reporting.
+// Only external services and the clock are replaced; no test exports are needed.
+async function runProbe({ readiness, arch = 'x64', armVersion, supervised = true }) {
+  let now = 0;
+  const events = [], waits = [], messages = [];
+  const build = { sourceCommit: 'a'.repeat(40) };
+  let finish;
+  const completed = new Promise((resolve) => { finish = resolve; });
+  const listener = { address: () => ({ port: 12345 }) };
+  const server = {
+    initialize: async () => { events.push('http'); return listener; },
+    shutdown: async () => { events.push('http-close'); },
+  };
+  const grpc = {
+    initialize: async () => { events.push('grpc'); return 12346; },
+    getServer: () => ({ forceShutdown: () => events.push('grpc-close') }),
+  };
+  class GrpcServerService {}
+  class HttpServerService {}
+  const modules = {
+    'reflect-metadata': {},
+    dns: { setDefaultResultOrder: () => {} },
+    '../config': {},
+    '../data': { sequelize: {
+      transaction: async (action) => action({}),
+      query: async () => [[{ value: 42 }]],
+      close: async () => { events.push('db-close'); },
+    } },
+    '../loaders/db': async () => { events.push('db'); },
+    typedi: { Container: { get: (service) => service === GrpcServerService ? grpc : server } },
+    '../services/grpc': { GrpcServerService },
+    '../services/http': { HttpServerService },
+    '../loaders/httpApplication': { createHttpApplication: async () => ({}) },
+    '../loaders/server': async () => {},
+    '../loaders/express': () => {},
+    '../loaders/app': {},
+    '../loaders/depInjector': () => {},
+    '../schedule/client': { readiness: {
+      configure: (restore) => readiness.configure(restore),
+      recover: async () => {
+        const ready = await readiness.recover();
+        if (ready) events.push('ready');
+        return ready;
+      },
+    } },
+    http: { get: (url, respond) => {
+      events.push('health');
+      const request = new EventEmitter();
+      request.setTimeout = () => {};
+      queueMicrotask(() => {
+        const response = new EventEmitter();
+        response.statusCode = 200;
+        respond(response);
+        response.emit('data', JSON.stringify({ code: 200, data: { status: 'ok', services: { grpc: true, http: true }, build } }));
+        response.emit('end');
+      });
+      return request;
+    } },
+  };
+  vm.runInNewContext(outputText, {
+    exports: {},
+    require: (name) => {
+      assert.ok(Object.hasOwn(modules, name), `Unexpected probe dependency: ${name}`);
+      return modules[name];
+    },
+    process: {
+      env: { QL_UPGRADE_PROBE: supervised ? '1' : '0' }, arch,
+      config: { variables: { arm_version: armVersion } }, pid: 123,
+      once: () => {}, memoryUsage: () => ({}),
+      send: (message) => { messages.push(message); events.push('report'); },
+      exit: finish,
+    },
+    Date: { now: () => now },
+    setTimeout: (callback, ms) => {
+      assert.ok(ms > 0 && ms <= 250);
+      waits.push(ms);
+      now += ms;
+      queueMicrotask(callback);
+    },
+    console: { error: () => {} },
+  }, { filename: 'upgradeProbe.js' });
+  const exitCode = await completed;
+  return { exitCode, events, waits, messages, elapsed: now, build };
+}
+
+test('upgrade probe survives cold scheduler recovery before checking HTTP and reporting readiness', async () => {
+  let attempts = 0, restored = false;
+  const readiness = new SchedulerReadiness(async () => {
+    if (++attempts < 3) throw new Error('Failed to connect before the deadline');
+  });
+  // The probe must configure and finish restoration before reporting readiness.
+  const configure = readiness.configure.bind(readiness);
+  readiness.configure = (restore) => configure(async () => { await restore(); restored = true; });
+  const result = await runProbe({ readiness });
+  assert.equal(result.exitCode, 0);
+  assert.equal(restored, true);
+  assert.equal(await readiness.check(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.waits, [250, 250]);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.events, ['db', 'grpc', 'ready', 'http', 'health', 'report', 'http-close', 'grpc-close', 'db-close']);
+  assert.equal(result.messages.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(result.messages[0].ok, true);
+  assert.equal(result.messages[0].build.sourceCommit, result.build.sourceCommit);
+});
+
+for (const [arch, armVersion, timeout] of [['x64', undefined, 10000], ['arm', 7, 10000], ['arm', '6', 60000]]) {
+  test(`unavailable ${arch}/v${armVersion} scheduler fails at its startup budget and cleans up`, async () => {
+    let attempts = 0;
+    const result = await runProbe({ arch, armVersion, readiness: {
+      configure: () => {}, recover: async () => { attempts++; return false; },
+    } });
+    assert.equal(result.exitCode, 1);
+    assert.equal(result.elapsed, timeout);
+    assert.equal(attempts, timeout / 250);
+    assert.deepEqual(result.events, ['db', 'grpc', 'http-close', 'grpc-close', 'db-close', 'report']);
+    assert.equal(result.messages.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(result.messages[0].ok, false);
+    assert.match(result.messages[0].message, /Upgrade scheduler readiness failed/);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+    assert.equal(attempts, timeout / 250, 'no retries after failure');
+  });
+}
+
+test('unexpected scheduler recovery errors fail prestart without retries or a success report', async () => {
+  let attempts = 0;
+  const result = await runProbe({ readiness: {
+    configure: () => {}, recover: async () => { attempts++; throw new Error('broken scheduler configuration'); },
+  } });
+  assert.equal(attempts, 1);
+  assert.equal(result.exitCode, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.waits, []);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.events, ['db', 'grpc', 'http-close', 'grpc-close', 'db-close', 'report']);
+  assert.equal(result.messages.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(result.messages[0].ok, false);
+  assert.match(result.messages[0].message, /broken scheduler configuration/);
+});
+
+test('an already ready scheduler reaches health without waiting', async () => {
+  const result = await runProbe({ readiness: { configure: () => {}, recover: async () => true } });
+  assert.equal(result.exitCode, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.waits, []);
+  assert.equal(result.messages[0].ok, true);
+});
+
+test('the upgrade probe still requires its isolated supervisor', async () => {
+  const result = await runProbe({ supervised: false });
+  assert.equal(result.exitCode, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.events, ['report']);
+  assert.match(result.messages[0].message, /requires its isolated supervisor/);
+});